Which of the following can affect a patient's vital signs?

Vital signs, which include parameters such as body temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure, can be influenced by a variety of factors, including both physiological activities and overall health status. Eating food can lead to temporary changes in vital signs; for instance, after a meal, the body may experience an increase in metabolic rate and changes in blood pressure or heart rate as blood flow is redirected to aid in digestion.

Resting comfortably also has an impact on vital signs. When a patient is at rest, their heart rate and respiratory rate may decrease compared to when they are active or under stress. Comfortable resting conditions can lead to a more stable baseline for vital signs, promoting lower heart rate and a more normalized blood pressure.

Since both eating and resting comfortably can significantly influence a patient’s vital signs, the correct answer encompasses both activities, affirming their roles in affecting essential health measurements.